Description
What is NAD+?
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a ubiquitous coenzyme in all living cells. Beyond its classical role as a redox electron carrier (NAD+/NADH), it serves as the obligate substrate for sirtuins (SIRT1–7), poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerases (PARPs), and cyclic ADP‑ribose hydrolase (CD38)—placing it at the center of DNA repair, metabolism, and aging biology research.
Mechanism of Action
- Redox cofactor for hundreds of metabolic dehydrogenases
- Substrate for sirtuin deacylases involved in metabolic homeostasis and DNA repair
- Substrate for PARP1/2 involved in DNA damage response
- Tissue NAD+ levels decline with age; restoration is hypothesized to support mitochondrial function and stem‑cell compartments
- IV NAD+ raises plasma and tissue NAD+ in minutes to hours; oral precursors (NR, NMN) produce more gradual tissue increases
Compound Properties
- Molecular formula: C21H27N7O14P2
- Molecular weight: 663.43 g/mol
- CAS: 53‑84‑9
- Form: Lyophilized powder (oxidized / NAD+ form)
- Unit size: 500 mg / vial
- Source: Fermentation‑derived; ≥98% purity by HPLC
Research‑Reference Dosing
Published research‑reference ranges in clinical and preclinical literature:
- Grant et al., PLoS ONE (2019): IV NAD+ PK in healthy volunteers (750 mg over 6 hours).
- Airhart et al., PLoS ONE (2017): oral NR and NAD metabolome.
- Martens et al., Nature Communications (2018): oral NR in middle‑aged and older adults — raised whole‑blood NAD+ with mild blood pressure effects.
- Direct IV NAD+ clinical trials remain small; most published data involves oral precursors (NR, NMN).
Research Findings
- IV NAD+ raises plasma NAD+ with detectable urinary metabolites (Grant 2019)
- Oral precursors reliably raise whole‑blood NAD+ (Martens 2018)
- Mixed signals for cardiometabolic and cognitive endpoints in small human cohorts; pivotal trials for specific indications are not yet reported
Known Side Effects Reported in Research/Trials
- IV infusion: flushing, nausea, GI cramping, pressure sensation in chest (dose/rate dependent) — typically managed by slowing infusion
- Injection‑site reactions (SC/IM preparations)
- Rare hypersensitivity
- Short‑term safety in published cohorts is good; long‑term safety at high doses is not fully characterized
Storage & Handling
- Lyophilized (unreconstituted) vials: store at −20°C long‑term; short‑term 2–8°C acceptable.
- After reconstitution with bacteriostatic or sterile water: store at 2–8°C; use within 14–28 days per standard peptide stability guidance.
- Protect from light, heat, and repeated freeze‑thaw cycles. Handle in a sterile laboratory environment.
Certificate of Analysis
A Certificate of Analysis (COA) confirming identity and purity by HPLC / MS is available upon request. Contact Lonestar Peptides for lot‑specific documentation.
Summaries reference peer‑reviewed preclinical and clinical literature available as of early 2025. Newer findings may not be reflected. Researchers should consult current literature and conduct their own due diligence. Lonestar Peptides makes no claim of therapeutic benefit.
